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Research Validation

The level of research validation for an assessment is determined by how many of the following categories of research have been done on the instrument:

Categories of research validation:

Based on Research Into:

  • Student thinking (for observation protocols: Classroom behavior / for rubrics: Relevant theory and/or data)
Studied Using:
  • Student interviews (for observation protocols: Iterative observations / for rubrics: Iterative use of rubric)
  • Expert review (for observation protocols and rubrics: Inter-rater reliability)
  • Appropriate statistical analysis (for observation protocols: Training materials / for rubrics: Expert review)
Research Conducted:
  • At multiple institutions
  • By multiple research groups
  • Peer-reviewed publication

Research Validation Levels:

  • Gold Star: all 7 categories
  • Silver: 5 or more categories
  • Bronze: 3 or more categories
  • Research-Based: at least 1 category
Translations

7 Research-Based Assessments

Thermal / Statistical
Detailed ViewCompact View

Content knowledge

Survey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws (long) (STPFaSL-long)

Thermal / Statistical Content knowledge (PV diagrams, reversible processes, irreversible processes, first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics)

Levels: Upper-level, Intermediate, Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Benjamin Brown and Chandralekha Singh; Translations: en,English; Translators:

Silver Validated
50 min

Survey of Thermodynamic Processes and First and Second Laws (short) (STPFaSL-short)

Thermal / Statistical Content knowledge (first law of thermodynamics, second law of thermodynamics, PV diagrams, reversible processes, irreversible processes)

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Benjamin Brown and Chandralekha Singh; Translations: en,id,pt,zh,English,Indonesian,Portuguese,Chinese; Translators: ,Dwi Rahmawati and Syuhendri,Samuel Amaral,Wei Fang

Implementation Guide available Silver Validated
40 min

Thermal Concept Evaluation (TCE)

Thermal / Statistical Content knowledge (temperature, heat transfer, phase change, thermal properties of materials)

Levels: Intro college, High school

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Shelley Yeo and Marjan Zadnik; Translations: en,pt,ja,zh,English,Portuguese,Japanese,Chinese; Translators: ,Marcel Braga,Hitoshi Katsuda and Shuji Ukon,Wei Fang

Implementation Guide available Silver Validated
30 min

Thermodynamic Concept Survey (TCS)

Thermal / Statistical Content knowledge (temperature, heat transfer, ideal gas law, first law of thermodynamics, phase change, thermal properties of materials)

Levels: Intermediate, Intro college

Formats: Multiple-choice

Developers: Pornrat Wattanakasiwich, Preeda Taleab, Manjula Devi Sharma, and Ian D. Johnston; Translations: en,th,zh,English,Thai,Chinese; Translators: ,,Wei Fang

Implementation Guide available Silver Validated
35 min

Thermal and Transport Concept Inventory: Thermodynamics (TTCI-T)

Thermal / Statistical Content knowledge (second law of thermodynamics, energy quality, conversion of thermal energy to work, enthalpy, internal energy, equilibrium processes, steady-state processes)

Levels: Intermediate

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Ron Miller, Ruth Streveler and Monica R. Geist; Translations: en,English; Translators:

Silver Validated

Heat and Temperature Conceptual Evaluation (HTCE)

Thermal / Statistical Content knowledge (temperature, phase change, heat transfer, thermal properties of materials)

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice, Short answer

Developers: Ron Thornton and David Sokoloff; Translations: en,zh,English,Chinese; Translators: ,Wei Fang

Implementation Guide available Bronze Validated
40 min

Thermodynamics Concept Inventory (TCI)

Thermal / Statistical Content knowledge

Levels: Intro college

Formats: Pre/post, Multiple-choice

Developers: Clark Midkiff; Translations: en,English; Translators:

Research-Based